Perceptions of Bias
Perceived geographic bias by geographic region
| Africa | 44.3% |
|---|---|
| Asia | 39.9% |
| Europe | 25.9% |
| North and Central America | 22.1% |
| Oceania | 24.6% |
| South America | 42.7% |
| Overall | 24.7% |
Respondents from Africa, Asia, and South America perceive that their geographic location works against them to a much higher degree than the sample as a whole.
Perceived age bias by age group
| 18 and under | 53.4% |
|---|---|
| 19-29 | 18.1% |
| 30-44 | 5.9% |
| 45-64 | 16.1% |
| 65 and over | 25.5% |
| Overall | 13.7% |
The 18 and under and 65 and over age groups perceive that age bias works against them in much higher percentages than does the sample as a whole. The “inverse bell curve” shape of this data is consistent with the 2007 findings.
Perceived age bias by geographic region
| Africa | 12.8% |
|---|---|
| Asia | 16.3% |
| Europe | 13.7% |
| North and Central America | 13.1% |
| Oceania | 15.4% |
| South America | 19.6% |
| Overall | 13.7% |
Respondents in Asia, Oceania, and South America perceive that age bias has worked against them professionally in slightly higher percentages than the sample as a whole.
Perceived gender bias by gender
| Female | 18.8% |
|---|---|
| Male | 1.1% |
| Overall | 3.9% |
Again, women perceive that gender bias has hurt them professionally to a much greater degree than men. However, the perception of gender bias by both men and women has decreased from 2007.
Perceived gender bias by geographic region
| Africa | 16.7% |
|---|---|
| Asia | 10.4% |
| Europe | 20.4% |
| North and Central America | 18.6% |
| Oceania | 21.7% |
| South America | 10.3% |
| Overall | 18.8% |
Female respondents from Asia and South America have the lowest percentages indicating they believe that gender bias has hurt them professionally. Female respondents from Europe and Oceania have the highest percentages.
Perceived ethnic bias by ethnic grouping
| Asian / Pacific Rim | 7.3% |
|---|---|
| Black / African | 14.6% |
| Hispanic / Latino | 4.8% |
| Indigenous / Native | 6.3% |
| White / Caucasian | 1.1% |
| Other | 6.1% |
| Overall | 2.0% |
All respondents from non-Caucasian ethnic groups perceive that ethnic bias has hurt them professionally in higher percentages than white respondents, ranging from Black/African (14.6%) to Hispanic/Latino (4.8%). Across the board, the percentages are less than in the 2007 survey.
Perceived ethnic bias by ethnic grouping, US
| Asian / Pacific Rim | 2.8% |
|---|---|
| Black / African | 14.5% |
| Hispanic / Latino | 4.6% |
| Indigenous / Native | 7.5% |
| White / Caucasian | 0.8% |
| Other | 5.4% |
| Overall | 1.4% |
The perceptions of ethnic bias among US respondents is similar to the sample as a whole, with the exception of Asians, who perceive that ethnic bias has hurt them professionally in smaller percentages than the sample as a whole.
Perceived ethnic bias by ethnic grouping, Europe
| Asian / Pacific Rim | 5.4% |
|---|---|
| Black / African | 13.3% |
| Hispanic / Latino | 4.8% |
| Indigenous / Native | 3.1% |
| White / Caucasian | 1.2% |
| Other | 6.0% |
| Overall | 1.5% |
The perceptions of ethnic bias among European respondents is similar to the sample as a whole, with the exception of Indigenous people, who perceive that ethnic bias has hurt them professionally in smaller percentages than the sample as a whole.
Perceived ethnic bias by ethnic grouping outside the US and Europe
| US | Europe | Rest of world | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asian / Pacific Rim | 2.8% | 5.4% | 10.2% |
| Black / African | 14.5% | 13.3% | 15.7% |
| Hispanic / Latino | 4.6% | 4.8% | 5.1% |
| Indigenous / Native | 7.5% | 3.1% | 8.7% |
| Other | 5.4% | 6.0% | 7.4% |
| White / Caucasian | 0.8% | 1.2% | 2.2% |
| Overall | 1.4% | 1.5% | 4.5% |
In the part of the world other than Europe and the US, there are two groups that perceive that ethnic bias has hurt them professionally in significantly greater percentages than the US/European respondents: Asian/Pacific Rim and White/Caucasian.