Findings from the survey for people who make websites, 2008

Confidence

NOTE: “Confidence” refers to confidence in my job and job future, something akin to the sense of job security. The quantifier we used is the percentage of respondents answering “confident” or “fairly confident.” This was a new area of inquiry that we added to this year’s survey.

ALSO NOTE: Respondents completed this survey before the current crisis in the banking, insurance, and financial services industries, the first and second U.S. bailouts, and so on. The responses might have been very different if done even a few months later.

Fig. 11.1 Confidence by age

Confident about job, opportunities for growth Fairly confident about job Concerned about loss of job Very worried about job Losing/have lost job Total
18 and under 57.2%37.7%4.3%0.2%0.6%100.0%
19-29 55.9%38.7%3.5%1.2%0.6%100.0%
30-44 49.9%42.8%5.2%1.5%0.6%100.0%
45-64 44.7%44.9%7.0%2.5%1.0%100.0%
65 and over 58.5%37.7%0.0%0.0%3.8%100.0%
Overall 52.8%40.7%4.5%1.4%0.6%100.0%

The only age group with under 90% confidence is the 45-64, and they are 89.6% confident.

Fig. 11.2 Confidence by gender

Confident about job, opportunities for growth Fairly confident about job Concerned about loss of job Very worried about job Losing/have lost job Total
Female 46.2%45.2%6.0%1.9%0.7%100.0%
Male 54.2%39.8%4.1%1.3%0.6%100.0%
Overall 52.9%40.7%4.4%1.4%0.6%100.0%
Confident about job, opportunities for growth

14.2%

85.8%

Fairly confident about job

18.1%

81.9%

Concerned about loss of job

22.1%

77.9%

Very worried about job

21.6%

78.4%

Losing/have lost job

19.6%

80.4%

Overall

16.3%

83.7%

Female Male

Men are slightly more confident in their jobs and job futures than women (94.0% to 91.4%).

Fig. 11.3 Confidence by job title

Confident about job, opportunities for growth Fairly confident about job Concerned about loss of job Very worried about job Losing/have lost job Total
Accessibility Expert/Consultant/Lead 55.9%33.8%5.9%4.4%0.0%100.0%
Art Director 55.5%39.8%3.8%0.5%0.4%100.0%
Creative Director 65.1%30.6%3.1%1.0%0.2%100.0%
Designer 49.7%43.6%4.4%1.9%0.4%100.0%
Developer 54.6%39.6%4.0%1.2%0.6%100.0%
Educator 43.5%46.6%5.3%2.3%2.3%100.0%
Information Architect 58.0%37.3%4.1%0.4%0.2%100.0%
Interface Designer, UI Designer 57.3%38.1%3.4%0.6%0.6%100.0%
Marketer 53.3%39.7%4.0%2.2%0.7%100.0%
Other 54.0%39.6%4.5%1.2%0.7%100.0%
Project Manager 53.5%40.4%4.8%0.9%0.5%100.0%
Usability Expert/Consultant/Lead 62.5%32.3%3.8%0.7%0.7%100.0%
Web Designer 46.6%45.8%5.1%1.8%0.7%100.0%
Web Director 61.1%34.7%2.6%1.1%0.4%100.0%
Web Producer 49.3%42.4%5.8%2.3%0.2%100.0%
Webmaster, Web Master 42.9%47.1%6.0%2.8%1.2%100.0%
Writer, Editor 38.2%49.0%8.5%3.2%1.2%100.0%
Overall 52.8%40.8%4.4%1.4%0.6%100.0%

There are only two job titles in which respondents had less than 90% confidence: Accessibility Expert (89.7%) and Writer/Editor (87.2%).

Fig. 11.4 Confidence by geographic region

Confident about job, opportunities for growth Fairly confident about job Concerned about loss of job Very worried about job Losing/have lost job Total
Africa 69.9%23.7%3.2%2.7%0.5%100.0%
Asia 59.6%33.1%5.3%1.6%0.5%100.0%
Europe 50.8%42.6%4.5%1.4%0.7%100.0%
North and Central America 52.8%40.9%4.4%1.3%0.6%100.0%
Oceania 56.5%38.6%3.6%1.0%0.3%100.0%
South America 60.4%31.2%5.3%2.6%0.5%100.0%
Overall 52.9%40.7%4.4%1.4%0.6%100.0%

All regions show over 90% confidence, with Oceania the highest at 95.1% and South America the lowest at 91.6%.

Fig. 11.5 Confidence by educational attainment

Confident about job, opportunities for growth Fairly confident about job Concerned about loss of job Very worried about job Losing/have lost job Total
Grade/primary school 55.6%37.7%5.1%1.0%0.7%100.0%
High/secondary school 55.4%38.1%3.8%1.8%0.9%100.0%
Some college or university 53.7%39.5%4.3%1.7%0.8%100.0%
College diploma, associate’s, bachelor’s, or other degree 52.4%41.3%4.5%1.2%0.6%100.0%
Master’s degree 51.6%42.0%4.8%1.3%0.3%100.0%
Doctorate 45.1%44.4%6.3%3.3%1.0%100.0%
Overall 52.8%40.7%4.5%1.4%0.6%100.0%

The respondents at all levels of educational attainment have a percentage confidence within 0.3% of 93.5%, except those with a doctorate, who have 89.5% confidence.

Fig. 11.6 Confidence by degree of web work

Confident about job, opportunities for growth Fairly confident about job Concerned about loss of job Very worried about job Losing/have lost job Total
All or nearly all of my work is web-related 56.5%38.2%3.9%1.0%0.4%100.0%
Most of my work is web-related 51.0%42.6%4.4%1.5%0.6%100.0%
About half my work is web-related 48.5%43.2%5.3%2.2%0.8%100.0%
Around a quarter of my work is web-related 45.3%45.1%6.2%2.7%0.7%100.0%
Web-related work is a small part of what I do 38.2%50.2%7.1%2.8%1.6%100.0%
I don’t do any web-related work 35.9%46.8%7.1%0.6%9.6%100.0%
Overall 52.8%40.7%4.4%1.4%0.6%100.0%

The more their work is web-related, the greater the level of confidence respondents reported in their jobs and job futures.

Fig. 11.7 Confidence by excitement with profession

Confident about job, opportunities for growth Fairly confident about job Concerned about loss of job Very worried about job Losing/have lost job Total
Yes - very frequently 65.6%30.1%2.9%0.9%0.5%100.0%
Yes - once in a while 37.3%52.1%7.2%2.6%0.8%100.0%
Yes - frequently 50.4%43.7%4.2%1.1%0.5%100.0%
No 37.5%46.9%9.4%3.8%2.3%100.0%
Don’t know 48.5%39.7%6.3%2.6%2.9%100.0%
Overall 52.9%40.7%4.4%1.4%0.6%100.0%

The more respondents were excited about web-related work, the more confident they tend to be about their jobs and job futures.

Fig. 11.8 Confidence by satisfaction with job

Confident about job, opportunities for growth Fairly confident about job Concerned about loss of job Very worried about job Losing/have lost job Total
Very satisfied 79.2%19.8%0.9%0.1%0.1%100.0%
Somewhat satisfied 52.1%44.6%2.7%0.4%0.1%100.0%
Neutral 33.7%55.8%7.8%1.8%0.8%100.0%
Somewhat dissatisfied 27.3%55.3%11.7%4.3%1.5%100.0%
Very dissatisfied 27.5%38.5%15.2%11.8%7.0%100.0%
Overall 52.9%40.7%4.4%1.4%0.6%100.0%

As respondents’ job satisfaction goes down, confidence in their jobs and job futures goes down. It drops precipitously for those who indicate they are “very dissatisfied” in their job.

Fig. 11.9 Confidence by employment situation

Confident about job, opportunities for growth Fairly confident about job Concerned about loss of job Very worried about job Losing/have lost job Total
Partner in a large company or organization 53.9%39.9%5.1%0.7%0.4%100.0%
Partner in a small business 67.2%28.2%3.1%1.2%0.3%100.0%
Employee of a company, university, library, museum, nonprofit, or other organization 51.7%42.6%4.3%1.0%0.4%100.0%
Independent contractor/freelancer or owner of small business 54.2%38.8%4.4%2.0%0.6%100.0%
Student, hobbyist, volunteer, or other uncompensated role 40.2%47.2%6.9%2.6%3.0%100.0%
Overall 52.9%40.7%4.4%1.4%0.6%100.0%

Highest: partner in a small firm (95.4%), lowest: student/hobbyist (87.4%).

Fig. 11.10 Confidence by organization size

Confident about job, opportunities for growth Fairly confident about job Concerned about loss of job Very worried about job Losing/have lost job Total
Self-employed / freelance 51.7%40.6%4.8%2.2%0.7%100.0%
2-5 employees 60.5%33.5%3.9%1.7%0.5%100.0%
6-10 employees 56.8%37.7%3.7%1.4%0.3%100.0%
11-25 employees 57.0%38.5%3.4%0.8%0.3%100.0%
26-50 employees 55.4%39.2%4.4%0.6%0.4%100.0%
51-300 employees 52.9%42.1%3.7%0.9%0.5%100.0%
301-750 employees 51.7%42.6%4.8%0.8%0.1%100.0%
751-3000 employees 46.9%46.9%4.7%1.3%0.2%100.0%
More than 3000 employees 49.2%44.2%5.3%0.9%0.4%100.0%
Overall 53.8%40.2%4.3%1.3%0.4%100.0%

Not much disparity: High of 95.5% confident for 11-25 employees, low of 92.3% for self-employed respondents, and low [OF NUMBER] for other-than-self-employed: 93.4% for respondents in firms of more than 3,000.

Fig. 11.11 Confidence by longevity in the field

Confident about job, opportunities for growth Fairly confident about job Concerned about loss of job Very worried about job Losing/have lost job Total
Less than a year51.9%41.4%4.6%1.2%0.9%100.0%
1 year 53.3%40.8%3.8%1.4%0.6%100.0%
2 years 54.2%40.3%3.6%1.3%0.6%100.0%
3 years 53.7%40.9%3.6%1.2%0.6%100.0%
4 years 53.0%41.8%4.0%0.8%0.4%100.0%
5 years 54.2%39.8%4.0%1.5%0.7%100.0%
6 years 52.8%41.4%4.0%1.4%0.5%100.0%
7 years 54.0%40.0%4.2%1.3%0.6%100.0%
8 years 50.5%42.3%5.3%1.4%0.5%100.0%
9 years 53.4%40.2%5.3%0.9%0.3%100.0%
10 years (or more) 53.8%38.7%5.1%1.8%0.5%100.0%
Not applicable 39.8%47.9%6.9%2.9%2.5%100.0%
Overall 52.9%40.7%4.4%1.4%0.6%100.0%

Not much disparity: High of 94.9% confidence at four years in the field, and a low of 92.5% at 10 or more years in the field.

Fig. 11.12 Confidence by previous work experience

Confident about job, opportunities for growth Fairly confident about job Concerned about loss of job Very worried about job Losing/have lost job Total
Before the web, work was non-technical 50.5%41.9%5.1%1.7%0.8%100.0%
Migrated to the web from a background in IT/technology 52.0%41.0%4.9%1.5%0.7%100.0%
Migrated to web design from a background in print design/advertising/art direction, etc 51.8%40.6%5.4%1.6%0.6%100.0%
Web design/development was first professional job 56.0%39.5%3.1%1.0%0.4%100.0%
Overall 52.9%40.7%4.5%1.4%0.6%100.0%

Respondents for whom web design was their first job are more confident in their jobs and job futures than respondents who migrated to web design from other fields (95.4% to 92.6%).

Fig. 11.13 Confidence by corporate workers' years in current job

Confident about job, opportunities for growth Fairly confident about job Concerned about loss of job Very worried about job Losing/have lost job Total
Less than a year 59.5%36.1%3.5%0.6%0.3%100.0%
1 year 55.9%39.4%3.5%1.0%0.3%100.0%
2 years 52.3%41.9%4.6%0.9%0.3%100.0%
3 years 50.7%43.7%3.9%1.2%0.5%100.0%
4 years 51.1%42.9%4.6%1.1%0.2%100.0%
5 years 47.4%46.1%4.1%2.1%0.3%100.0%
6 years 44.5%47.4%6.1%1.8%0.2%100.0%
7 years 47.8%45.4%4.2%1.6%1.0%100.0%
8 years 47.7%44.7%5.9%1.4%0.3%100.0%
9 years 49.2%43.3%5.5%1.3%0.7%100.0%
10 years (or more) 47.7%43.5%6.3%1.8%0.7%100.0%
Overall 53.6%40.8%4.2%1.0%0.4%100.0%

This analysis is for the “corporates.” There seems to be a general pattern that confidence decreases with time in a job (with one blip along the way, at seven years), from 95.6% at less than a year, to 91.3% at 10 years or more.

Fig. 11.14 Confidence by freelancers' years as independent

Confident about job, opportunities for growth Fairly confident about job Concerned about loss of job Very worried about job Losing/have lost job Total
Less than a year 52.4%38.1%4.9%2.4%2.1%100.0%
1 year 52.9%39.1%4.9%1.9%1.2%100.0%
2 years 55.1%38.5%4.2%1.4%0.8%100.0%
3 years 51.6%41.4%5.0%1.4%0.6%100.0%
4 years 46.9%46.5%3.9%2.2%0.5%100.0%
5 years 51.1%40.5%5.3%2.6%0.5%100.0%
6 years 56.6%36.6%4.3%1.7%0.8%100.0%
7 years 52.5%40.7%4.4%1.4%1.1%100.0%
8 years 57.3%35.2%4.6%2.7%0.2%100.0%
9 years 56.1%36.8%5.8%1.2%0.0%100.0%
10 years (or more) 51.1%39.4%5.9%2.9%0.7%100.0%
Overall 52.5%39.8%4.8%2.1%0.9%100.0%

For freelancers, confidence seems to increase for the first four years they work independently, then slowly drops off after that, to a low of 90.4% for those working independently for 10 years or more.

Fig. 11.15 Confidence by company's business prospects

Confident about job, opportunities for growth Fairly confident about job Concerned about loss of job Very worried about job Losing/have lost job Total
Company/agency/organization/institution is closing its doors for good 37.8%21.6%8.1%8.1%24.3%100.0%
Company/agency/organization/institution is in trouble 15.5%37.2%21.5%19.8%6.0%100.0%
Company/agency/organization/institution is in a slump 22.9%52.2%20.0%3.8%1.1%100.0%
Company/agency/organization/institution is not doing quite as well as we would like 33.6%55.7%9.1%1.3%0.3%100.0%
Company/agency/organization/institution is doing about the same as usual 40.5%55.3%3.4%0.6%0.2%100.0%
Company/agency/organization/institution is doing well 70.5%27.8%1.3%0.3%0.2%100.0%
Overall 53.6%40.8%4.2%1.0%0.4%100.0%

This question was for “corporates” only. Confidence goes up quite significantly for respondents who sense their companies’ prospects are better. Interestingly, respondents who say their companies are closing for good or are in trouble are still over 50% confident in their jobs and job futures. Confidence is somewhat lower for the companies in trouble as opposed to actually closing, as that answer implies greater uncertainty.

Fig. 11.16 Confidence by freelancing prospects

Confident about job, opportunities for growth Fairly confident about job Concerned about loss of job Very worried about job Losing/have lost job Total
Business couldn't be any worse 27.7%29.5%6.3%14.3%22.3%100.0%
Business is so poor I'm thinking of finding a job working for someone else 19.2%30.4%17.9%22.8%9.8%100.0%
Business is poor 23.4%49.5%17.3%7.5%2.2%100.0%
Business is all right, but there's room for improvement 47.0%47.6%4.4%0.7%0.3%100.0%
Business is really good 71.6%27.5%0.7%0.1%0.1%100.0%
Business couldn't possibly be any better 86.2%11.5%1.2%0.6%0.6%100.0%
Overall 51.2%40.6%5.0%2.1%1.0%100.0%

This question was for freelancers only. Among respondents who responded, “business is poor,” “business is all right,” or “business is really good,” as their perception of business prospects went up, so did confidence. However, people who responded “business couldn’t be any better” were slightly less confident than people who answered “business is really good,” perhaps implying a fear that things may be too good to be true, or that some unreal bubble will burst. Similarly, people responding “business couldn’t be worse” were significantly more confident than those who answered “business is so poor, I’m thinking of finding a job or working for someone else.” Perhaps if things couldn’t be any worse, they have to get better.

Fig. 11.17 Confidence by salary range

Confident about job, opportunities for growth Fairly confident about job Concerned about loss of job Very worried about job Losing/have lost job Total
Less than $10,000 49.1%40.6%5.9%2.8%1.6%100.0%
$10,000-$19,999 50.6%42.1%4.3%2.1%0.8%100.0%
$20,000-$39,999 49.2%43.8%4.9%1.5%0.5%100.0%
$40,000-$59,999 51.5%42.9%4.1%1.0%0.5%100.0%
$60,000-$79,999 54.6%40.1%4.1%0.7%0.4%100.0%
$80,000-$99,999 56.8%37.7%4.1%1.2%0.2%100.0%
$100,000-$119,999 60.6%34.6%3.6%0.8%0.5%100.0%
$120,000-$149,999 63.2%30.9%4.6%0.8%0.5%100.0%
More than $150,000 73.0%23.8%2.5%0.2%0.5%100.0%
Overall 52.9%40.6%4.5%1.4%0.6%100.0%

As a general pattern, as income increases, so does confidence.

Fig. 11.18 Confidence by amount of last raise

Confident about job, opportunities for growth Fairly confident about job Concerned about loss of job Very worried about job Losing/have lost job Total
My salary decreased 44.7%38.7%11.3%3.3%2.0%100.0%
1-5% 42.2%50.3%5.9%1.2%0.4%100.0%
6-10% 57.2%38.9%3.2%0.6%0.1%100.0%
11-15% 61.7%35.0%2.3%0.8%0.2%100.0%
16-20% 62.9%33.2%2.7%1.0%0.3%100.0%
21-25% 60.1%35.7%2.5%0.6%1.0%100.0%
26-30% 69.6%28.1%1.6%0.0%0.7%100.0%
31-35% 66.4%30.2%1.7%1.7%0.0%100.0%
36-40% 65.9%28.9%5.2%0.0%0.0%100.0%
41-45% 74.7%22.8%1.3%1.3%0.0%100.0%
46-50% 61.8%31.5%4.2%2.4%0.0%100.0%
51-55% 80.0%17.1%1.4%0.0%1.4%100.0%
56-60% 56.7%36.7%3.3%3.3%0.0%100.0%
61-65% 83.3%11.1%5.6%0.0%0.0%100.0%
66-70% 56.3%37.5%6.3%0.0%0.0%100.0%
71-75% 55.6%44.4%0.0%0.0%0.0%100.0%
76-80% 75.0%25.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%100.0%
81-85% 62.5%37.5%0.0%0.0%0.0%100.0%
86-90% 45.5%54.5%0.0%0.0%0.0%100.0%
91-95% 85.7%0.0%14.3%0.0%0.0%100.0%
96-100% 72.3%25.5%2.1%0.0%0.0%100.0%
More than 100% 77.7%21.4%0.0%0.0%1.0%100.0%
Not applicable 56.7%37.7%4.0%1.2%0.5%100.0%
Overall 53.6%40.8%4.2%1.0%0.4%100.0%

As a general pattern, the larger the last raise, the higher the level of confidence. Respondents whose salary decreased had the lowest percentage of confidence in their jobs and job futures (at 83.3%).

Fig. 11.19 Confidence by time since last raise

Confident about job, opportunities for growth Fairly confident about job Concerned about loss of job Very worried about job Losing/have lost job Total
0-3 months ago 57.7%38.6%3.1%0.5%0.1%100.0%
3-6 months ago 53.6%41.1%3.9%1.0%0.4%100.0%
6-9 months ago 51.5%43.2%4.1%1.0%0.2%100.0%
9-12 months ago 49.3%44.4%4.8%0.9%0.6%100.0%
1 year ago 46.8%45.2%5.9%1.6%0.5%100.0%
2 years ago 41.3%46.9%8.5%2.3%1.0%100.0%
3 years ago 38.9%47.3%11.5%2.3%0.0%100.0%
4 years ago 27.9%48.8%23.3%0.0%0.0%100.0%
5 or more years ago 30.2%52.4%4.8%11.1%1.6%100.0%
Not applicable 57.5%37.1%3.7%1.1%0.6%100.0%
Overall 53.6%40.8%4.2%1.0%0.4%100.0%

In general, the more recent the last raise, the higher the confidence level. Respondents who’ve had a raise within the last two years have a higher level of confidence than those who have not had a raise (94.8% to 83.5%).